Tourette Syndrome/dis

Running head : TOURETTE SYNDROMETourette SyndromeNameCollegeDate Tourette SyndromeTourette syndrome (TS ) is a chronic , familial , neurobiological dis with itsonset in childhood and is marked by presence of instinctive motor movements and sounds , known as motor and vocal tics separately (Bagheri , Kerbeshian Burd , 1999 . According to Lingui-Systems (1999 cited in Prestia , 2003 , approximately 1 in to each one 2 ,500 individuals suffer from TS , with boys being diagnosed more frequently than girls Tourette s syndrome nonetheless known as Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (after its discoverer Georges Gilles de la Tourette , a French neurologist , lot be considered to be the about complex and severe manifestation of the spectrum of tic bruise (Kwak Jankovic , 2002Etiology and PathogenesisThe exact constitute of TS is not known . TS is supposed to rich person a multifactorialetiology with , catching and environmental factors playing an important role in its didactics . Concordance rate of about 60 in monozygotic twins and 10 in dizygotic twins inner(a) genetic basis behind TS (Bagheri et al , 1999 . The mode of transmittance system of Tourette s syndrome is controversial . Though the exact patho-physiological mechanism vestigial the affection has yet not been discovered , abnormalities in humble ganglia (shown in figure 1 ) and frontal cortex have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Tourette s syndrome (Bagheri et al Abnormality in secretion of neuro-transmitters oddly dopamine is also thought to be associated with TS (Bagheri et alFigure1 . intelligence Structures snarled in Tourette SyndromeSource : John Henkel , J (2006 . Food and medicine court . Retrieved on 21 April 2007 from http /en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Image :Brain_structure .gifSymptomsTourette s syndrome follows a fl uctuating course in most children Symptomsus! ually appear at about 6-7 years of age . Many factors like anxiety stress , substance abuse etc can intensify tics . brain of tics (both motor and vocal ) is characteristic of TS .

According to American psychiatrical Association s Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental injure , fourth edition- text revision (DSM-IV-TR , 2000 , tics be defined as sudden , rapid , purposeless , repetitive , non-rhythmic stereotyped movements or vocalizations . Tics in TS are not constantly present (except in extremely severe cases ) and occur on a context of normal motor activity (Kwak Jankovic , 2002 . This dis usually b egins with simplex tics which becharm ahead over time into more complex ones dissimilar types of simple and complex tics as described by Bagheri et al (1999 ) which can be seen in patients with TS have been enumerated in play across 1 . Besides TS , tics can be seen associated with other neurological diss like (encephalitis , Huntington s disease etc . These secondary tics , not associated with Tourette syndrome are commonly referred to as tourettism (Bagheri et al , 1999Table 1 .Common Types of Tics Seen in Patients with Tourette SyndromeSIMPLE TICS interwoven TICSMotor tics song or phonic tics Motor tics Vocal or phonic ticsEye blinking Throat clearing Flapping gird talk of the town to oneselfSticking tongue out Sniffing Facial grimacing anticipate different intonationsHead move Barking Adjusting or picking at habiliment Coprolalia blurting out grimy or socially inappropriate...If you want to get a bounteous essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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