Chaucer Opens His Poem - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2158 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Canterbury Tales Essay Did you like this example? The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer is a satire written about the corruption of the citizens, specifically the clergy, during fourteenth-century England. Chaucer opens his poem with a General Prologue, in which he introduces thirty pilgrims, including Chaucer the Pilgrim, who represent every social class, except royalty and serfs, and their pilgrimage from the Tabard Inn in Southwark to Saint Thomas Beckets shrine in Canterbury. Before they depart from the Tabard Inn, the Host of the Inn, Harry Bailly, proposes a tale-telling contest to prevent bordom on a journey that will take several weeks. The rules for the contest are simple: Each pilgrim must tell two tales on the way to the shrine and two tales on the return for a total of four tales. Whoever tells the most entertaining and moral tale will win the prize of a meal at the Tabard Inn courtesy of the other pilgrims when they return. Baillys tale-telling contest helps develop Chaucers use of frame narrative. The outer frame of the story is the pilgrimage to Canterbury while the inner frame is the pilgrims tales. The Canterbury Tales was intended to have had 120 individual tales within one overarching story, but Chaucer died before he could finish, completing only twenty-two tales and two fragmented tales. Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales is still studied today because of his uncanny ability to match tale to teller, a quality which is demonstrated in the first to tell a tale, the Knight. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Chaucer Opens His Poem" essay for you Create order The first pilgrim Chaucer introduces in the General Prologue is the noble and strong Knight, one of the few characters Chaucer does not satirize because The Knight is often called one of the ?ideal pilgrims (Calabrese 2). In his description of the Knight, Chaucer describes the fifteen mortal battles [in which] he had been (GP 4), which Chaucer dwells upon at length . . . before relating a single detail of his appearance (Martin 54). Chaucer purposefully focuses on the Knights achievements, rather than his physical appearance, because the Knights actions and achievements enable the reader to develop a picture in his or her mind of the Knights true appearance without being told. Chaucer mentions only He wore a fustian tunic stained and dark / With smudges where his armour left mark; / Just home from service, he had joined our ranks (GP 5). This short descriptor highlights the Knights dedication and strong faith because he joins the pilgrimage directly from a battle. The Knights character is described in much detail, exemplifying Truth, honour, generousness and courtesy (4). The Knights noble qualities are described in order to demonstrate that the way in which the Knights portrait contrasts to those of the other pilgrims is in its focus on moral attributes rather than on physical appearance (Rossignol 198). The Knights noble personality is representative of the nobility of his profession as a knight. During the fourteenth century, knights were depicted as mounted warriors, covered in armor, wielding their swords and lances. However, being a knight required many years of dedication and training, not only in warrior skills but also in nobility skills. The process of becoming a knight started when a young boy reached the age of about seven, when he became a page. The page then gained more skill and became a squire, who, when he reached the age of twenty-one, was dubbed a knight by a royal or a high ranking knight. During training, he learned to fight properly, be noble and just, which included Christian values. However, not anybody could become a knight; a candidate for knighthood had to possess monetary means because being a knight came with its expenses. A knight had to pay for armor, weapons, and servants, all costing valuable money, but one of the greatest expenses was good war horses [that] could cost over 100 (Calabrese 7). The high cost meant only a noble could be a knight; therefore, Chaucers knight must be in the nobility. A main aspect of knighthood was religion. During the fourteenth century, many of the knights fought in the Crusades against the Muslims for control over the Holy Lands. Many knights believed they were soldiers of Christ (8) who stopped at nothing to achieve their goal of spreading Christianity. Others used the Crusades as an outlet of violence and left a trail of destruction. Chaucers Knight, who participated in many Crusades, is believed to have had good intentions which lead readers to believe the Crusading spirit was still alive (10). Based on the importance o f knights in medieval society, readers can infer that the Knight is a chivalrous, well-respected, wealthy noble, who fought in many Crusades, aspects that will be represented in the Knights Tale. As the first pilgrim to tell a tale, the Knight opens the contest with a chivalric romance about two Greek princes, Arcite and Palamon, and their quest for the love of the fair and beautiful Emily. Tales of adventuring knights, love and courtly manners made chivalric romance popular among the aristocracy in fourteenth-century England. The themes of nobility, love, suffering, valor and courtesy (Rossignol 201) were common themes in the literature and the lives of the upper class. The Knight, inspired by the tales he heard, uses his influence to demonstrate to the other pilgrims how to live by the chivalric code of honor (203). As Knight is inspired by tales of chivilaric romance, Chaucer is inspired by Boccaccios Teseida delle nozze dEmelia. The Teseida by the Italian writer Boccaccio was written about 1340, approximately fifty years before Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales. The two poems consist of the same characters, themes, and main plots points. The original poem of Palamon and Arcite included about 10,000 lines, causing Chaucer to make the changes and [reduce] the immense length of the Teseida to roughly a quarter of its size (Salter 155). Chaucer rewrote Boccaccios poem not only to shorten it but also to create changes in order to reflect medieval life. Chaucer made Arcite and Palamon imitate knightly figures, dress in medieval clothing, and compete in the medieval activities such as tournaments, all of which were not present during Ancient Greece. Even the language that Arcite and Palamon use is realistically depicting the virile, masculine medieval world in which [the Knight] lived (Stevens 134). By having Arcite and Palamon represent noble, fierce and strong knights, the reflection of the Knights character is able to shine through them. The different depictions of battle, whether between the Athenians and the Thebans or Palamon and Arcite, reflect the Crusades in which the Knight participated. His fierceness in battle is shown through comparing the Greek princes to animal. Chaucer describes Palamon as a lion fighting-mad with rage, / Arcite a cruel tiger (KnT 47). The battles throughout the poem not only showcase the Knight in battle but also reveal to the readers the Knights opinion on war. The Knight has experienced many of the joys, as well the horrific devastation war can bring. Michael A. Calabrese states that The Knights Tale is a reflection of the Knights Crusades because the poem suggests that battle and violence sometimes bring success, . . . but sometimes violence brings disaster (12). Arcite and Palamon show the Knights noblity in action, but they unveil his character as a well-rounded chivalrous person. Palamon is made to represent the purer motives, (Stevens 154) while Arcite represents the worldly man of action (154). A knight in medieval society needs to represent the noble and passionate values of Palamon while also having the determined and just values of Arcite. By having both of their personalities, Chaucer creates the idealistic knight. Chaucer not only changes Boccaccios work to reflect the knight in medieval life but also adds Boethius philosophical ideas from Consolation of Philosophy in order to create more philosophical themes in The Knights Tale (Salter 159). As Chaucer began to translate Boethius Consolation of Philosophy into Middle English, he realized that with a few small changes, he would be able to apply Boethius ideas to the theme of suffering in The Knights Tale. However, as Salter notes, even the smallest change is full of significance (158). This small change is shown through Chaucers emphasis on the causes and effect of human suffering, a theme not prominent in Teseida. Both Arcite and Palamon experience suffering and pain when they are imprisoned and not able to express their love to Emily. A new depth to suffering is explored after Arcite is freed from prison but banned from staying in Athens and seeing his dear Emily. He becomes so distraught that There never was a man so woe-begone, / Nor is, nor shall be while the the world goes on (Chaucer, KnT 39). Arcite cannot imagine suffering becoming worse, but it does so after Arcite dies and Palamon and Emily must learn to live with his death although Passing all in weeping, Emil y / was the most sorrowful of the company (80). The sorrow they feel only strengthens, but at his speech at the end of the poem, Duke Theseus puts into words the underlying theme of suffering. He states, ?For every man will parish, king and page, / / For all must die and there is none comes back (84). Suffering and death are all around the heroes, who cannot escape it, but he also states, ?that after grief there should be bliss (85). Theseus words relate directly to the Boethian philosophy that change (including death) is a necessary feature of universe, and that the two people who are left behind should stop mourning over what they cannot change and make the best of what is left to them (Rossignol 203). Emily and Palamon follow this advice, and The Knights Tale concludes with the couple married. The theme of suffering is present in the Knights life through the countless battles he fought through. However, the Knight cannot dwell on the misery and destruction of the past; he must accept them and continue his life trying to find ne w joys. Chaucer also uses Boethius philosophies with the use of religion. The Boethian idea that the course of ones life is determined by fate is another prominent theme, but Chaucer easily incorporates it with his use of the pagan gods of Venus, the goddess of love, and Mars, the god of war. When Arcite and Palamon are preparing for the tournament to win Emilys love, they pray at the temples of Mars and Venus, respectively. As their prayers are heard, Immediately an uproar was begun / Over this granted boon in Heaven above (Chaucer, KnT 68), between Venus, sponsored by forces quite as deadly as those appropriate to Mars (Salter 175) and Mars, who operates without pain for humanity (175). The dispute is resolved when Saturn decides Venus will win. The decision of the gods has a fatal effect on Arcite as Venus is responsible for sending an infernal fury to cause Arcitas horse to throw him (176). Arcites winning of the tournament has no effect on his fate because the will of the gods trumps the actions of the characters. This ruthlessness of divine determina tion (177) is included not merely to feature the theme of fate but also to create a Christian theme in The Knights Tale. Christianity was very important to medieval knights, so elements of Christianity are prevalent in The Knights Tale. The critic Carl Curtis believes that the Tale highlights the faults in pagan gods because although Arcite is an honest and just man; the rivalry between the gods, not his own actions, is the cause of his downfall. The Tale is meant to show that noble people, deserve better gods (par. 28), with the better gods being the Christian God. Although Christianity did not exist during the time of the ancient Greeks, readers can infer Chaucer was referring to the Christian God by the use of Biblical references throughout the Tale. One of the earliest examples of a Biblical analogy occurs when Palamon and Arcite first see Emily from their prison cell as Arcite declares, ?The freshness of her beauty strikes me dead (Chaucer, KnT 33). The scene has uncanny resemblance to the scene when David first sees Bathsheba in the the Second Book of Samuel in the Bible. Both David and Arcite look down from on high at a women below them whose beauty fully captivates them and yet who is completely ignorant of their gaze (Curtis par. 4). Their love for the woman they desire leads to both of their downfalls. Chaucer makes another Biblical reference when he has Saturn say, I slew Samson when he shook the pillar (KnT 69). The mentioning of Samson from the Book of Judges in the Bible suggests that the pagan gods have control over fate, but Chaucer included the Biblical reference to have the readers ponder their own religion and their own merciful and loving Christian God compared to the pagan gods often violent and controlling outbreaks. References to Biblical text coincide with the Knight as the speaker of the Tale. The Knight is a devout Christian, so any tale the Knight tells will predictably include a religious aspect. Chaucer is able to represent many aspects of the Knights character through the use of chivalric and romantic elements throughout The Knights Tale.

Persuasive Communication Theory - 9998 Words

Persuasive Communication Theory in Social Psychology: A Historical Perspective Icek Ajzen University of Massachusetts – Amherst From M. J. Manfredo (Ed) (1992). Influencing Human Behavior: Theory and Applications in Recreation and Tourism (pp 1– 27). Champaign, IL: Sagamore Publishing. Persuasive Communication Theory Page 1 Few subjects in social psychology have attracted as much interest and attention as persuasive communication. One of the first topics to be systematically investigated, persuasion has been the focus of intense research efforts throughout much of social psychologys brief scientific history. Untold experiments have been conducted to unravel the intricate web of factors that appear to play a role in determining the†¦show more content†¦The results of the study showed that since the comprehensive exam has been introduced at Duke, the grade point average of undergraduates has increased by 31%. At comparable schools without the exams, grades increased by only 8% over the same period. The prospect of a comprehensive exam clearly seems to be effective in challenging students to work harder and faculty to teach more effectively. It is likely that the benefits observed at Duke University could also Persuasive Communication Theory Page 2 be observed at other universities that adopt the exam policy. If accepted as valid, the factual evidence should result in acceptance of the argument that instituting a senior comprehensive exam will raise grade point averages, and acceptance of the argument in turn should increase the likelihood that receivers will endorse the position in favor of instituting a comprehensive exam, as advocated in the message. There is, of course, no assurance that receivers of a message will in fact accept the arguments and evidence it contains. 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Marketing Strategy for Alpha Property Development

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Strategy for Alpha Property Development. Answer: Introduction The study will focus on selecting a target market for Alpha Property Development that is focused in investing vital amount of money into property building in Australia. The company has already developed many commercial and residential complexes and buildings across many regions of Australia. The targeted area of the company will be described in terms of characteristics of population, characteristics of the residential areas, shopping centres, transport, and special characteristics of the area. The marketing theory of segmenting and targeting of the company is defined in terms of the selected postal code of Australia. The comparisons of the type of population of that area along with the other populated areas of the country are to be discussed. Application of marketing theory The postal code selected for Alpha Property Development is 3011. The marketing theory of segmenting targeting and positioning will be discussed against the postal code of 3011. The different variables used by the segmentation are demographic, behavioural, geographical, psychographic segmentation in the perspective of the 3011 area of Australia. Segmenting Segmentation of a product can be done by using several variables that will be discussed in the basis of the area selected by the company. Demographic: Demographical characteristics include education, income, socio-economic status, family size, age, situation, etc. The prosperous, upper middle class people, rich people, upwardly mobile, young, family person, people aged between 30 to 60 years of age, etc are to be targeted by Alpha Property Development. Geographic: Geographic segmentation is defined as the physical location of the area that Alpha Property Development target 3011 postal code of Australia. The urbanites, outback Australians and the inner city dwellers are targeted by the company while doing investment (Bo Liu et al. 2014). Geoclusters or geodemographics: It is defined as the combination of variables of demographic and geographic variables. The area is a popular urban area of Australia. There are many high class people who are engaged in business and jobs in multinational organizations that are targeted by the company in order to sell their apartments to them. Apart from that, the area is posh which have all the amenities of a metropolitan area (Schiffman et al. 2013). Psychographics: The lifestyle, personality and the social characteristics of the consumers are considered in this aspect. The psychographic variables include active professionals who are young and club going. They are socially aware of the facts of the real estates and are traditionalists in nature. The company will target people living in fashionable and high class lifestyle that maintains a particular status in the society (Khoo-Lattimore and Prayag 2015). Behavioural: In terms of behavioural segmentation, it can be said that the usage behaviour, purchase consumption. It can be said that the people residing in the region of Australia are quality conscious in nature, luxury seekers, less price conscious, high buying readiness of luxury apartments, early adopters of trends and technology. However, the purchase frequency of the consumers both for the residential apartments and commercial apartments can be variable. They are high benefit sought related to the products served by the company (Venter, Wright and Dibb 2015). Targeting Targeting can be done in terms of primary target market, secondary target market. The marketer will have to focus on the geo-demographics, demographics of the region. The company on choosing the target market will focus on few aspects such as segment growth and size, segment structural attractiveness, resources and company attractiveness. The government statistics of Australia regarding the postal code of 3011 represents many economic and socio-cultural factors of the area. The characteristics on the basis of the variables of segmentation, and the best criteria suited for the marketing activities are to be considered by the company (Gengler and Mulvey 2017). Characteristics of the target market The real estate companies of the Australia have to check many things while investing in a certain area of Australia for building commercial sectors and residential sectors. The industry run by loans and the marketers earns profit by selling the apartments to potential customers. If the selection of the area becomes wrong, then the company will make a huge loss. The target markets of the company chosen have many facilities like that of cafes, catering services, restaurants, bars, clubs, taverns, shopping malls, etc (Diamantopoulos, Ring, Schlegelmilch and Doberer 2014). The availability of the transport system rail transport, water freight transport, air and space transport, sightseeing transport and scenic transport, etc. which is a plus point for the commercial buildings for doing business with the companies. The possibility of the company in building construction of commercial buildings in doing profits in that region is high. The target market for investment is based on conducting extensive research regarding the economic and socio-cultural factors of it (Hollensen 2015). Comparison of the population of the selected area It can be said that the population of the selected area has ample amount of facilities like wholesale trade, mining, manufacturing, arts and social assistance, warehousing, postal, public administration, different types of technical services and scientific research services, management consulting services like corporate head offices, employment service, labour supply services, tour arrangement services, gardening services, state government policies. The child care services and the other social assistance services of the postal code are improved. However, the place is connected with a well framework of transport system that helps the people to travel in any parts of the world. The reports of government have stated the fact that property operators are characterised as residential property and non-residential property (Ananda et al. 2014). Conclusion Demographic segmentation, psychographic segmentation, behavioural segmentation, geographic segmentation, etc. variables are used in selecting the postal code of Australia. The reasons of focus on those specific variables are explained in details so that the company can make a right decision regarding the development of residential and commercial buildings in that area. The geo-demographics and demographics of the selected area will help Alpha Property Development will help the company in making an investment in the Australia. The different strategies of targeting help the company while marketing their properties in that area of the country. References Ananda, A.S., Hernndez-Garca, . and Lamberti, L., 2014, June. RENL: A framework for social media marketing strategy. In1st Annual EDIM PhD Conference, Milan, Italy(pp. 11-12). Bo Liu, H., McCarthy, B., Chen, T., Guo, S. and Song, X., 2014. The Chinese wine market: a market segmentation study.Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,26(3), pp.450-471. Diamantopoulos, A., Ring, A., Schlegelmilch, B.B. and Doberer, E., 2014. Drivers of export segmentation effectiveness and their impact on export performance.Journal of International Marketing,22(1), pp.39-61. Gengler, C.E. and Mulvey, M.S., 2017. Planning pre-launch positioning: Segmentation via willingness-to-pay and means-end brand differentiators.Journal of Brand Management, pp.1-20. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Khoo-Lattimore, C. and Prayag, G., 2015. The girlfriend getaway market: Segmenting accommodation and service preferences.International Journal of Hospitality Management,45, pp.99-108. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A. and Carlson, J., 2013.Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Venter, P., Wright, A. and Dibb, S., 2015. Performing market segmentation: a performative perspective.Journal of Marketing Management,31(1-2), pp.62-83.

Lost at the Fair free essay sample

Lost at the Fair Every august the family would load up and head to the big fair in Leitchfield. Always excited to get there and head to the rides while dad went to the tractor pull. It was always a great experience until the year 1993. Mom was taking me and my brothers to the rides. We had been to several was having an absolute blast. Then my world froze and I was scared for my life. We were coming out of the fun house my brothers were ahead of me and suddenly I couldn’t find them. I looked in front of me then behind me no where’s around I decided to take the exit and go to my mom. I thought she’d be right around the corner, but when I rounded it she was no where’s insight. I started walking around scared and crying I couldnt find my mom no where’s. We will write a custom essay sample on Lost at the Fair or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Suddenly this woman came to me. I wasn’t sure if she was going to help me or take me she was just a stranger. Luckily this was a very sweet woman who took me to the announcer box; she was going to help me get back to my mom. The announcer asked me my mom’s names and they hollered several times I was worried she couldn’t hear them and what was I going to do. Four years old in the middle of a fair with hundreds of people. Finally my aunt came to the announcer box after they assured she was my aunt they released me to her. Then out of nowhere I heard my mom’s voice hollering for me. Both scared and crying we were reunited and thankful I was safe. I learned a valuable lesson that day and I wasn’t going to wonder off anymore.