human genome project :: essays research papers fc

What would you do if you were given the power to change your transmittable code from brown hair to blond?. Man has had this ability by dint of natural selection for some time without k nowadaysing it, but in the near future scientist will be able to speed the process of natural selection by changing a persons genes. Scientists urinate determine what constitutes human DNA located in the nucleus of a cell. The humans Genome stray was established to identify the genes that make us who we atomic number 18 and is now an international organization. The massive task of identifying the numerous gene combinations has created a problem. In the nucleus are 22 genomes, plus two sex chromosomes which have already been identified. In the 22 genomes there are approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA, which contain 50,000 to 100,000 genes, a basic unit of heredity. The designation of these base pairs is the goal of the Human Genome Project, which started in 1990 and whose job it is to iden tify the earn or chromosomes in DNA. These letters represent nucleotides called adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine (or A, C, T, G). (92 BSCS pg. 1) The Human Genome Project idea originated in the mid 1980s and was discussed in the scientific community and media by dint of the latter part of that decade. In the United States the combined effort of the discussion section of Energy and the National Institute of Health were involved in the swan planning. (The National Center For Genetic Research) The Human Genome Project has several goals including identifying the genes of a human assessing the genes and comparing human DNA to that of bacteria, yeasts, the fruit fly, mice, and the Arabidopis thaliana, a minor(ip) genome plant that grows rapidly. A major purpose is to determine how evolution proceeds from lower organisms to humans, and discover why the smaller genomes of animals have less dust or unneeded DNA. Geneticists use two types of maps to characterize the genes they d iscover--a genetic linkage map and a visible map. A genetic map registers the outmatch between the fragments of DNA we know according to the frequency with which they are inherited. The physical map measures the actual physical distance between two markers. Scientists unavoidableness to map and develop technology for rapid genotyping, plus develop markers that are easy to use as well as generate new-fashioned mapping techniques. (Instrumentation) Scientists can map genes but it is still expensive.